While European political leaders may be household names, the CEOs of the biggest European companies by revenue are powerful figures in their own right. These CEOs have been leading their firms through a tumultuous year: Most are navigating the geopolitical landscape and humanitarian crisis in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and many are attempting to course-correct their firm’s operations to mitigate climate change.
While some of these leaders have been at the helm for years, the past several years have also seen some new faces atop major European companies. In the former category, Alexey Miller, the CEO of Russian oil giant Gazprom, has led that firm for over two decades, making him the CEO on this list with the longest tenure. Frank Appel is also a seasoned executive—going on his 14th year as CEO of Germany’s Deutsche Post DHL Group. At the other end of the tenure spectrum, newcomer Gary Nagle oversaw a prosperous period for Swiss mining and trading firm Glencore in his inaugural year as CEO, and Carlos Tavares led young carmaker Stellantis—product of the merger of Fiat Chrysler and PSA Group—through its first year.
This list also reflects transfers in leadership that are imminent—including at the very top. Volkswagen CEO Herbert Diess, leader of Europe’s biggest company by revenue, will be stepping down after a tenure plagued by software malfunctioning and labor practice disputes; he will be replaced by Oliver Blume on September 1. The CEO of Russian oil giant Lukoil, Vagit Alekperov, left that company in April 2022 after he was sanctioned by the United Kingdom and his company broke with Putin to call for an end to the invasion of Ukraine. Alekperov was replaced by Vadim Vorobyov.
To say the list remains male-dominated would be an understatement—in fact, none of the CEOs at the 20 biggest European companies are women.
Here are the most powerful European CEOs on the Global 500:
1. Herbert Diess
Company: Volkswagen
Global 500 rank: 8
Country: Germany
CEO since: 2018
2. Ben Van Beurden
Company: Shell
Global 500 rank: 15
Country: U.K.
CEO since: 2014
3. Gary Nagle
Company: Glencore
Global 500 rank: 23
Country: Switzerland
CEO since: July 2021
4. Patrick Pouyanné
Company: TotalEnergies
Global 500 rank: 27
Country: France
CEO since: 2014
5. Carlos Tavares
Company: Stellantis
Global 500 rank: 29
Country: The Netherlands
CEO since: 2021
6. Bernard Looney
Company: BP
Global 500 rank: 35
Country: U.K.
CEO since: 2020
7. Ola Källenius
Company: Mercedes-Benz Group
Global 500 rank: 38
Country: Germany
CEO since: 2015
8. Oliver Bäte
Company: Allianz
Global 500 rank: 47
Country: Germany
CEO since: 2014
9. Thomas Burbel
Company: AXA
Global 500 rank: 48
Country: France
CEO since: 2016
10. Alexey Miller
Company: Gazprom
Global 500 rank: 52
Country: Russia
CEO since: 2000
11. Markus Rauramo
Company: Fortum
Global 500 rank: 56
Country: Finland
CEO since: 2020
12. Oliver Zipse
Company: BMW
Global 500 rank: 59
Country: Germany
CEO since: 2019
13. Timotheus Höttges
Company: Deutsche Telekom
Global 500 rank: 62
Country: Germany
CEO since: 2014
14. Vadim Vorobyov
Company: Lukoil
Global 500 rank: 67
Country: Russia
CEO since: 2022
15. Philippe Donnet
Company: Assicurazioni Generali
Global 500 rank: 72
Country: Italy
CEO since: 2016
16. Philippe Brassac
Company: Crédit Agricole
Global 500 rank: 84
Country: France
CEO since: 2015
17. Francesco Starace
Company: Enel
Global 500 rank: 90
Country: Italy
CEO since: 2014
18. Jean-Bernard Lévy
Company: Electricité de France
Global 500 rank: 95
Country: France
CEO since: 2014
19. Frank Appel
Company: Deutsche Post DHL Group
Global 500 rank: 99
Country: Germany
CEO since: 2008
20. Ulf Mark Schneider
Company: Nestlé
Global 500 rank: 103
Country: Switzerland
CEO since: 2017
Sign up for the Fortune Features email list so you don’t miss our biggest features, exclusive interviews, and investigations.
