A Seoul Central District Court judge delivered the verdict after about an hour’s recitation of the ruling, which focused on whether evidence pointed to Lee manipulating a deal years ago to gain more influence within Samsung. His acquittal lifts a weight off the word’s largest maker of memory chips and displays, which is struggling with a global downturn and a stiff challenge from Apple Inc. in smartphones and SK Hynix Inc. in the nascent field of AI.

Lee, 55, was embroiled for years in legal struggles that rocked the tech establishment and triggered a political scandal that led to the impeachment of former President Park Geun-hye. In November, prosecutors sought a five-year prison sentence along with a 500 million won ($376,000) fine for Lee on charges of stock-price rigging and accounting fraud. The charges were connected to the controversial 2015 merger of two Samsung affiliates that prosecutors said helped cement Lee’s control of the conglomerate.

Special prosecutors first indicted him in 2017 on separate charges of bribery and corruption, alleging Samsung provided horses and other payments to a confidante of Park’s in exchange for government support in his succession. He was convicted and spent time in and out of jail until he was paroled in 2021.

In 2022, he secured a presidential pardon from the graft charges, allowing him to formally take the helm of the conglomerate that his grandfather created in 1938. 

Monday’s case was related to the original charges, and centers on whether Lee and Samsung used illegal means to help him take control of the Samsung Group, which also encompasses shipbuilding, construction and finance. Lee has denied wrongdoing and in his final argument in November, he pleaded for a chance to lead South Korea’s biggest company at a time of heightened geopolitical risks and technological disruption.

The verdict is especially encouraging to a company struggling to find a way out of a global smartphone and memory chip slump that’s engulfed the industry’s largest players for well over a year. In January, Samsung posted its fourth straight quarter of profit decline, underscoring the extent to which its fortunes have waned alongside macroeconomic and demand declines.

At the same time, the company is in the unaccustomed position of playing catch-up to SK Hynix, which has sped ahead in the promising field of high-bandwidth memory. Such HBM chips are used to help Nvidia Corp.’s accelerators in training artificial intelligence models.

Samsung said its HBM sales rose by more than 40% in the December quarter, and that memory demand showed signs of recovery, with mobile shipments expected to grow.