- In today’s CEO Daily: ‘Sovereign AI’ means something different everywhere.
- The big leadership story: Have we entered the AGI era?
- The markets: Mixed globally, as traders await the U.S. jobs report.
- Plus: All the news and watercooler chat from Fortune.
Good morning. Nicholas Gordon here, reporting from Hong Kong. “Sovereign AI” is the buzzword of choice in the global tech sector—at least if you’re based anywhere other than the U.S. and China. Government officials and companies are increasingly worried about tying themselves too closely to one country’s AI systems.
But what “sovereignty” is meant to protect varies by geography. In Europe, it’s data, keeping personal information at home. In the Middle East and much of Asia, it’s local industry, part of a bet that a homegrown AI sector will pay economic dividends. And for smaller economies, it’s autonomy to ward off the fear of being cut off by a supplier in another country.
“AI has become such an essential need, and so you don’t want to be tethered to anybody else who can turn it off,” Pak-Sun Ting, the founder of Hong Kong-based Votee AI, recently told me. (Ting is joining our Fortune Leaders Forum in Macau on Sep. 8, where he’ll join a panel on how businesses can think about AI adoption and move beyond “tokenmaxxing.”)
Votee AI’s main product is an AI model that operates in Cantonese, the Chinese dialect spoken in Hong Kong and the surrounding Guangdong province. “The whole AI revolution is in English and Mandarin,” he told me. “Cantonese is used in education, health care, and police communications. If those don’t get covered, then AI is essentially useless.”
Votee AI is part of a growing group of developers, startup founders, and major companies trying to build AI models for the rest of the world. Indosat, one of Indonesia’s largest telecoms companies, is building Sahabat AI, a model that focuses on Indonesian languages like Bahasa. South Korean companies are currently taking part in the “AI Squid Game,” a government-sponsored competition to build the best homegrown AI model. And just yesterday, Humain, an AI company backed by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, debuted an Arabic-language model, built by the Chinese AI developer MiniMax.
It’s important to remember that none of these languages are small. Korean and Cantonese each have around 80 million speakers. More than 200 million people speak Bahasa Indonesia. Yet these ‘low-resource languages’ don’t have the large text corpora that English and Mandarin Chinese do.
But sovereign AI takes more than political will. AI processors are expensive to buy, data centers are expensive to run, and tech talent is expensive to hire.
Ting pointed out that governments, the most likely customers for a sovereign AI model, don’t need the most powerful models. Those more restrained ambitions help to lower cost. Ting said that Votee trained its model for around $250,000—not a small amount but still significantly less than the tens of billions of dollars spent by AI developers like Anthropic and OpenAI.
Countries (and companies) can get their models, semiconductors, and processing power from different sources, then add their own local spin on the AI’s output to get a better result. They’ll be helped by a growing number of powerful Chinese open-source models that anyone can download and run for free.
It could be that “sovereignty” in AI is less about control and more about choice.
CEO Daily will not publish on Monday to mark the U.S. holiday of Labor Day. We’ll be back on Tuesday.
Contact CEO Daily via Diane Brady at diane.brady@fortune.com
Top leadership news
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Canva’s productivity push gains traction
Canva says users have created 4.5 billion presentations and 1.4 billion documents on its platform as it expands beyond design tools into workplace productivity. The Australian startup says much of that growth in Southeast Asia is coming from users on mobile devices.
Higher bond yields pose a midterm problem for Trump
Rising bond yields are pushing up borrowing costs for consumers and businesses, putting more pressure on President Donald Trump ahead of the midterms. The increase comes as voters remain focused on affordability and the cost of living.
The markets
S&P 500 futures are up 0.05% this morning. The last session closed up 1.06%. The STOXX Europe 600 was flat in early trading. The U.K.’s FTSE 100 was down 0.04% in early trading. The Nikkei 225 was up 1.26%. South Korea’s KOSPI was up 1.64%. China’s CSI 300 was down 0.10%. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng was up 1.74%. India’s NIFTY 50 was up 0.26%. Bitcoin is up at $81k.
Around the watercooler
Crypto exchange Gate enters prediction market space with white-label builder for businesses by Camila Grigera Naón
AI visionary Ray Kurzweil is joining a Silicon Valley startup developing a brain computer system that involves snorting nanoparticles by Alexei Oreskovic
AI wants electricity now. The electric grid needs years to catch up by Mia Osmonbekov
Clippers fined $30 million as owner Steve Ballmer is suspended for a year following NBA investigation on behind-the-curtain deal by Joshua Hong
CEO Daily is curated and edited by Joseph Abrams, Jason Ma, Claire Zillman, and Lee Clifford.